The Cousinia libanotica complex, comprising C. libanotica DC., C. hermonis Boiss., and C. dayii Post, represents a taxonomically challenging group endemic to the Levant region. Analysis of extensive herbarium materials and recent taxonomic revisions strongly suggests these historically distinct taxa represent a single species with continuous morphological variation. While Mehregan and Kadereit’s (2008) comprehensive revision provides compelling morphological evidence for this consolidation, molecular and cytogenetic confirmation specifically targeting these taxa remains limited. This synthesis critically examines the taxonomic history, morphological evidence, and available molecular and cytogenetic data to investigate the status of these taxa, concluding that while morphological evidence supports treating C. hermonis and C. dayii as synonyms of C. libanotica, targeted genetic studies are needed to provide definitive molecular confirmation of this taxonomic treatment. However, given the complexities often encountered in Cousinia taxonomy and the recognized limitations of relying solely on morphological data in this genus, further investigation using molecular and cytogenetic approaches is crucial for a more robust and definitive taxonomic conclusion.